Category: Law and ownership
Full ownership (dominio pleno)
The most complete form of property ownership: the holder can use, enjoy, and freely dispose of the property without partial-rights carveouts like usufruct or anticresis.
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Full ownership (also called "perfect property") concentrates all three classical rights — use (ius utendi), enjoyment (ius fruendi), and disposal (ius abutendi) — in a single person. It's the default state and the most desirable when buying, because it allows selling, mortgaging, gifting, or transferring without restrictions. When usufruct, anticresis, mortgages, or other real rights encumber the property, ownership is "imperfect" or encumbered. Title-search lawyers verify full ownership and absence of encumbrances via a certificate from the Dirección General de los Registros Públicos.
Example
Before the deed, the title report reveals the house carries an active Gs. 200,000,000 mortgage. The seller pays it off at closing out of the sale price, and the buyer receives the property in full ownership, free of encumbrances.
Sources
Related terms
Usufructo (lifetime use right)
A real right that lets a non-owner use and enjoy property they don't own, while the owner keeps the "bare ownership" (nuda propiedad).
Matrícula inmobiliaria (real-estate registry number)
A unique number assigned by the Dirección General de los Registros Públicos to each property, identifying the parcel and consolidating its legal history.
Public deed (escritura pública)
A formal document authorized by a notary public that records the sale, gift, or transfer of real estate and perfects the transmission of ownership.